Patch Antenna: Basics

Patch antenna is implemented and analyzed using IE3D. Also bandwidth enhancement and minimization techniques are discussed and explored in detail. The patch antenna dimensions are calculated using design equations. The antenna results show that without any modification, it suffers from narrow bandwidth. The performance of same patch antenna is analyzed by doing various variations in the parameters. It is observed that with the increase in substrate height, the resonant frequency reduces and the bandwidth of square patch enhances. With the movement of feed location towards the edge of patch, the input impedance increases for the square patch antenna. With the increase in the relative permittivity of substrate, the resonant frequency decreases. With utmost optimization, the bandwidth enhancement of around 10% is achieved only. The patch antenna bandwidth is enhanced using U slot and L probe feed. The L probe feed is more effective for substrate heights around 0.1 ?o. The patch antenna surface area is further minimized using techniques: shorting wall and shorting pin.