Evaluation of the Brazilian Fome Zero and the Mexican Oportunidades Anti-hunger Programs as Strategies to Improve Food Security

Publisher Marketing: Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: 1,3, Cologne University of Applied Sciences (The present paper evaluates the two approaches Fome Zero and Oportunidades of Brazil and Mexico as strategies to improve food security. The analysis shows that various significant differences but also similarities exist in the structures of both countries), language: English, abstract: The present paper evaluates the two approaches Fome Zero and Oportunidades of Brazil and Mexico as strategies to improve food security. The analysis shows that various significant differences but also similarities exist in the structures of both countries. The Brazilian strategy, which was established in 2003, achieved exemplary good results in the fight against hunger and poverty because the food security strategy combines structural with emergency policies and includes various approaches in order to strengthen rural development. The extensive inclusion of family farmers for the supply of the national food demand keeps Brazil relatively independent from food imports and prevents the direct transmission of extreme international price fluctuations of essential food items to low-income households. The good result in poverty alleviation in Brazil caused a significant strengthening of the people's purchasing power and thus provoked an economic growth in recent years which exceeds the capacities of the prevailing infrastructure and leads to a high demand of natural resources. This current situation provokes an unsustainable development. Mexico's joining of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 confronted millions of farmers with cheap, subsidized corn which is imported from the United States. This situation weakened the agricultural food production in Mexico and caused a dependency on international food products. Extreme price shocks provoked a considerable increase in national poverty rates in recent years, especially among rural farmers. The Contributor Bio:  Bultmann, Julia Julia Bultmann, M. Sc., wurde 1982 in Tubingen geboren. Nach einem Freiwilligendienst in einer Schule fur Strassenkinder in Mexiko begann sie, sich fur die Zusammenhange zwischen Freihandel, Gentechnik und Armut zu interessieren. Sie erlebte selbst, wie Freunde in Mexiko direkt von plotzlichen Schwankungen der internationalen Lebensmittelpreise betroffen waren. Die Autorin schloss ihr Bachelorstudium der International Cultural Business Studies im Jahr 2010 in Passau ab. Wahrend ihres darauffolgenden Masterstudiums der Umweltwissenschaften, welches sie in Mexiko, Koln und Brasilien absolvierte, verglich die Autorin zwei Anti-Armutsprogramme und erforschte die Entwicklung erfolgreicher Strategien zur Ernahrungssicherung.